Introduction To Diabetes Mellitus And Common Types Of Diabetes

Who does not know the Diabetes Mellitus disease. Diabetes Mellitus is included in one of the most popular diseases in this century. How not, Diabetes Mellitus reported has been experienced by about 12-20% of the population of the world. And sometimes Diabetes with all of its types, can cause a serious complications.

So, What Diabetes Mellitus Really Is?

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that can cause another serious health complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, stroke, and even blindness. Diabetes mellitus is also a condition where the pancreas not able to produces insulin in its proper amount.

In this condition in which glucose, often mentions as blood sugar, is too high and could not be controlled. Glucose is made in the liver and muscle but mostly comes from the food we eat. In order to use this sugar, the pancreas produces a hormone called insulin.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus:

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 diabetes, formally known as juvenile diabetes. In this type of diabetes the pancreas produces no insulin or only a small amount. This form is also called insulin-dependent diabetes because people who develop this type need to have daily injections of insulin.

It is characterized by a sudden onset and occurs more frequently in populations descended from Northern European countries (Finland, Scotland, Scandinavia) than in those from Southern European countries, the Middle East, or Asia.

Brittle diabetics are a subgroup of Type I Diabetes where patients have frequent and rapid swings of blood sugar levels between hyperglycemia (a condition where there is too much glucose or sugar in the blood) and hypoglycemia (a condition where there are abnormally low levels of glucose or sugar in the blood). These patients may require several injections of different types of insulin or an insulin pump during the day to keep their blood sugar within a fairly normal range.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Type II diabetes is the more common form of diabetes which formally known as adult-onset diabetes, fat, muscle, and liver cells develop resistance to insulin, and eventually the pancreas cannot keep up with insulin production. When insulin does not work the way it should, glucose stays in the blood, increasing blood sugar levels.

Type II often considered as a milder form of diabetes because of its slow onset (sometimes developing over the course of several years) and because it can usually be controlled with diet and oral medication.

The consequences of uncontrolled and untreated Type II diabetes, however, are just as serious as those for Type I. This form also is called noninsulin-dependent diabetes, a term that is somewhat misleading. Many people with Type II diabetes can control the condition with diet and oral medications, however, insulin injections sometimes are necessary.

Gestational Diabetes

Another form of diabetes, called gestational diabetes, usually develop during pregnancy and generally resolves after the baby is delivered. This diabetic condition develops during the second or third trimester of pregnancy in about 2% of pregnancies.

The condition usually can be treated by diet, however, limited insulin injections may be required. Women who have diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing Type II diabetes within 5–10 years. Diabetes also can develop as a result of pancreatic disease, malnutrition, alcoholism, or other severe illnesses that stress the body.

Nowadays, In the United States alone, diabetes is a leading cause of kidney failure, birth defects, nontraumatic leg amputations, and blindness. It is also a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and medical care for people with diabetes is estimated to cost over $100 billion per year.